Dr. C. Tosh

Principal Scientist

M.V.Sc., Ph.D., Veterinary Virology

Email : chakradhar[dot]tosh[at]icar[dot]gov[dot]in

Achievements

  1. Genetic classification and pathotyping of avian influenza (AI) viruses isolated in India.
  2. Developed NP gene-based RT-PCR assay for diagnosis of AI.
  3. Identified small inferring RNAs that inhibits in vitro replication of AI virus.
  4. Genotyping of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) viruses isolated in India.
  5. Shortlisted serotype A candidate vaccine virus for FMD.

Awards

  1. Member, National Academy of Veterinary Sciences, New Delhi.
  2. One-time special award for development of "ELISA Kit" for diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth-Disease (Team Award), Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 1998.










Publication

  1. Tosh, C., Nagarajan, S., Kumar, M., Murugkar, H. V., Venkatesh, G., Shukla, S., Mishra, A., Mishra, P., Agarwal, S., Singh, B., Dubey, P., Tripathi, S. and Kulkarni, D. D. 2016. Multiple introductions of a reassortant H5N1 avian influenza virus of clade 2.3.2.1c with PB2 gene of H9N2 subtype into Indian poultry. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 43: 173-178.
  2. Dash, S. K., Kumar, M., Kataria, J. M., Nagarajan, S., Tosh, C., Murugkar, H. V. and Kulkarni, D. D. 2016. Partial heterologous protection by low pathogenic H9N2 virus against natural H9N2-PB1 gene Reassortant highly pathogenic H5N1 virus in chickens. 2016. Microbial Pathogenesis 95: 157-165.
  3. Athira CK, Murugkar HV, Kumar M, Nagarajan S, Tosh C, Bhatia S, Rajukumar K and Kumar, A (2015). Evaluation of elution methods for recovery of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus from infected duck feathers. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 85 (12): 1303-1305.
  4. Behera P, Nagarajan S, Murugkar HV, Kalaiyarasu S, Prakash A, Gothalwal R, Dubey SC, Kulkarni DD, Tosh C (2015) siRNAs targeting PB2 and NP genes potentially inhibit replication of Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus.Journal of Biosciences40(2): 233-240.
  5. Tosh C, Nagarajan S, Murugkar HV, Kumar M, Pandey M, Jolhe DK, Tripathi S, Shukla S, Ved N, Mishra A, Ghosh RC, Kulkarni DD (2014) Emergence of Val27Ala mutation in M2 protein associated with amantadine resistance in highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses in India. Acta Virologica 58: 389-392.
  6. Tosh C, Nagarajan S, Murugkar HV, Bhatia S, Kulkarni DD (2014) Evolution and Spread of Avian Influenza H5N1 Viruses. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 2 (4S): 33-41. (Review article).
  7. Kulkarni DD, Tosh C, Venkatesh G,Senthil Kumar D (2013) Nipah virus infection: current scenario. Indian Journal of Virology 24(3): 398-408.
  8. Kurmi B, Murugkar HV, Nagarajan S, Tosh C, Dubey SC, Manoj Kumar (2013) Survivability of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in poultry faeces at different temperatures. Indian Journal of Virology. 24: 272-277.
  9. Qureshi M, Tosh C, Nagarajan S, Murugkar HV, Jain R, Kulkarni DD (2013) Molecular characterization of H5N1 avian influenza virus isolated in Tripura, 2011. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 83(5): 521-524.
  10. Nagarajan S, Tosh C, Peiris JSM, Murugkar HV, Sridevi R, Kumar M, Katare M, Jain R, Syed Z, Behera P, Cheung CL, Khandia R, Tripathi S, Yi Guan, Dubey SC (2012) Avian Influenza (H5N1) virus of clade 2.3.2 in domestic poultry in India. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e31844.
  11. Dubey SC, Dahal N, Nagarajan S, Tosh C, Murugkar HV, Rinzin K, Sharma B, Jain R, Katare M, Patil S, Khandia R, Syed Z, Tripathi S, Behera P, Kumar M, Kulkarni DD, Krishna L (2012) Isolation and characterization of influenza A virus (subtype H5N1) that caused the first highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in chicken in Bhutan. Veterinary Microbiology 155: 100-105.
  12. Nagarajan S, Murugkar HV, Tosh C, Behera P, Khandia R, Jain R, Katare M, Syed Z, Tripati S, Dubey SC (2012) Comparison of a nucleoprotein gene based RT-PCR with real time RT-PCR for diagnosis of avian influenza in clinical specimens. Research in Veterinary Science 93(1):504-507.
  13. Tosh C, Murugkar HV, Nagarajan S, Tripathi S, Katare M, Jain R, Khandia R, Syed Z, Behera P, Patil S, Kulkarni DD, Dubey SC (2011) Emergence of amantadine-resistant avian influenza H5N1 virus in India. Virus Genes 42:10-15.
  14. Tosh C, Nagarajan S, Murugkar HV, Jain R, Behera P, Katare M, Kulkarni DD, Dubey SC (2011). Phylogenetic evidence of multiple introduction of H5N1 virus in Malda district of West Bengal, India in 2008. Veterinary Microbiology 148:132-139.
  15. Gowthaman V, Vanamayya PR, Nagarajan S, Bhatia S, Suba S, Jain R, Behera P, Tosh C, Murugkar HV, Dubey SC (2010)Influence of dose of inocula on outcome of clinical disease in highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) infections- An experimental study. Avian Diseases 54: 576-580.
  16. Nagarajan S, Tosh C, Murugkar HV, Venkatesh G, Katare M, Jain R, Behera P, Khandia R, Tripathi S, Kulkarni DD, Dubey SC (2010) Isolation and molecular characterization of a H5N1 virus isolated from a Jungle crow (Corvus macrohynchos) in India. Virus Genes 41: 30-36.
  17. Dubey SC, Nagarajan S, Tosh C, Bhatia S, Lal Krishna (2009) Avian influenza: A long-known disease and its current threat. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 79: 113-140.
  18. Nagarajan S, Murugkar HV, Tosh C, Behera P, Jain R, Tripathi S, Khandia R, Gupta V, Kulkarni DD, Dubey SC (2009) Avian influenza virus (H5N1) in chickens in India. The Veterinary Record January 24; 164(4): 128.
  19. Nagarajan S, Rajukumar K, Tosh C, Ramaswamy V, Purohit K, Saxena G, Behera P, Pattnaik B, Pradhan HK, Dubey SC (2009) Isolation and pathotyping of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Indian poultry. Veterinary Microbiology 133: 154-163.
  20. Tosh C, Nagarajan S, Behera P, Rajukumar K, Purohit K, Kamal RP, Murugkar HV, Gounalan S, Pattnaik B, Vanamayya PR, Pradhan HK, Dubey SC (2008) Genetic analysis of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from India. Archives of Virology 153(8):1433-1439.
  21. Murugkar HV, Nagarajan S, Tosh C., Bhatia S, Venkatesh G, Jain R, Kumar S, Khandia R, Pandey M, Behera P, Tripathy S, Kulkarni DD, Dubey SC. (2008) H5N1 virus outbreaks in poultry in India. The Veterinary Record February 23: 162(8):255.
  22. Tosh C, Murugkar HV, Nagarajan S, Bhatia S, Pateriya AK, Behera P, Jain R, Kumar S, Khandia R, Vanamayya PR, Dubey SC, Ahlawat SP (2007) Outbreak of avian influenza virus H5N1 in India. The Veterinary Record Aug 25; 161(8): 279.
  23. Kamal RP, Tosh C, Pattnaik B, Behera P, Nagarajan S, Gounalan S, Shrivastava N, Shankar BP, Pradhan HK (2007) Analysis of the PB2 gene reveals that Indian H5N1 influenza virus belongs to a mixed-migratory bird sub-lineage possessing the amino acid lysine at position 627 of the PB2 protein. Archives of Virology 152(9):1637-1644.
  24. Pattnaik B, Pateriya AK, Khandia R, Tosh C, Nagarajan S, Gounalan S, Murugkar HV, Shankar BP, Shrivastava N, Behera P, Bhagat S, Peiris JSM, Pradhan HK (2006) Phylogenetic analysis revealed genetic similarity of the H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated from HPAI outbreaks in chickens in Maharashtra, India with those isolated from swan in Italy and Iran in 2006. Current Science 91: 77-81.

Professional Experience

  1. July 1994: Joined ICAR as ARS Scientist.
  2. July1995 - October 2005: Indian Veterinary Research Institute and Project Directorate on Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Mukteswar (Nainital), Uttarakhand.
  3. November 2005 - present: ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

Continuing

  1. Evolutionary analysis of Influenza A viruses isolated from avian species in India (PI).
  2. Surveillance of Avian influenza among Indian and imported birds and animals and their products (Co-PI).
  3. Development and evaluation of referral group specific and subtype specific diagnostic reagents for avian influenza(Co-PI).

Completed

  1. Pathogenic characterization of Indian avian influenza A viruses (Co-PI).
  2. Study of inhibitory potential of small interfering RNAs directed against various gene segments of avian influenza H5N1 virus.
  3. Development of Diagnostics and zoo-epidemiology of Nipah virus infection in India (Co-PI).
  4. Molecular characterization of avian influenza viruses isolated in India (PI).

Membership

  1. Society for Biosafety.
  2. Association of Avian Health Professionals.
  3. Indian Association for the advancement of Veterinary Research.
  4. Indian Association of veterinary microbiologists, immunologists and specialists in infectious diseases.
  5. Indian society for Veterinary Immunology and Biotechnology.

Teaching Experience

  • 1995-2005: General Virology courses (VVY 501 & VVY 502) and 1997-2002: Molecular Virology II course (VVY 705) to the postgraduate students of the discipline of Veterinary Virology, Deemed University, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh.

    • Book Chapter

  • Tosh C. and Nagarajan S (2014) Avian Influenza, In: Garg S.R. (ed.) Zoonoses: Viral, Rickettsial and Prion Diseases. Daya Publishing house, New Delhi, pp. 8-34.

    • Student supervision

  • MVSc - 04
    PhD - 01

    • Equal Opportunity for Persons with Disabilities

    In accordance with the provisions of the Right of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 and Rules, the institute strives to provide opportunities and facilities to persons with disabilities to participate, perform and excel in their work on an equal basis in everyday life.